如何保持螺桿泵抽油的高產率
How to keep pumping oil in high yield screw pump
全世界通用的機械采油法是螺桿泵抽油，而其常見的作業問題是泵不能完全充滿，造成生產率低，泵不完全充滿是由于泵的容量大于井的產量或泵吸入口處氣分離不好，一部分泵排量受氣干擾而損失，如果消除泵內氣的干擾和控制泵的運轉時間，使泵排量與流入井底的液量相匹配，就可以提高效率和降低成本。保持螺桿泵抽油的高產率的具體做法如下：
The world's most common mechanical screw pumping oil law, and its most common operating problem is that pumps can not be completely filled, resulting in low productivity, pump not completely filled due to the pump capacity is greater than the output of wells or pump suction inlet Office gas separation is not good, part of the pump displacement end in disappointment or loss of interference, if the gas pump to eliminate the interference and control of pump operation time of the pump displacement and the amount of fluid into the bottom match, you can improve efficiency and reduce costs . Screw to maintain the rate of pumping of high-yielding specific practices are as follows:
1、應進行聲波液面測定，確定產液面與泵吸入口的相對深度。若液面高于泵吸入口，那么井不可能以大產量開采。如果是氣干擾影響產率，則液面高于泵吸入口；若是抽量過大導致低產，則液面應在泵吸入口處或附近。
1, surface acoustic wave should be carried out to determine the output surface and the relative depth of pump suction. If the liquid level above the pump intake, it is impossible to maximum yield of extraction wells. If the disturbance affecting the yield, then the liquid level above the pump suction port; if excessive pumping results in low, then the liquid level should be pumping at or near the entrance.
2、示功計測定泵充滿系數百分率，應用綜合數據采集系統可同時獲得馬達功率和示功數據。示功圖的主要用途之一是診斷泵是怎樣運行的和分析井下問題。應用生產液面測量結合示功圖可了解井是否以大產量生產、液柱高度是否高于泵吸入口深度、泵是否不完全充滿和游離氣是否沿套管環空向上運移。
2, showing the power factor of the percentage of total measured pump filled with the application integrated data acquisition system can simultaneously receive data on motor power and the dynamometer. Indicator diagram, one of the main purposes is to diagnose how the pump is running and analysis of the problem underground. Application of the production level measurement with indicator diagram can understand whether the maximum yield of the production wells, the liquid column height is higher than the pump intake depth, pump is not completely full and free gas is upward migration along the casing annulus.
3、診斷低能效井。診斷的方法是確定抽油系統的總效率，而確定總效率只需測量輸入原動機的功率、測定井底生產壓力和精確的生產測試數據。一般游梁式抽油系統的總效率應為50％左右，若低于此應提高其性能。提高總效率的技術包括保持高容積效率（泵的規格與井筒注入量匹配、消除氣干擾、用抽空控制器或定時器控制抽油）和換掉過大的電動機。
3, diagnostic inefficient wells. Diagnosis method is to determine the overall efficiency of pumping system, but simply determine the overall efficiency of the original motivation for measuring input power, measured bottomhole producing pressure and accurate production of test data. General beam pumping system should be the overall efficiency of about 50% if less than this should improve its performance. Improve the overall efficiency of the technology, including maintaining a high volumetric efficiency (the pump shaft into the specification and the amount of matching, to eliminate disturbance, with taking the time to control or timer control pumping), and replace the motor too much.
4、井下氣分離。無效的泵運轉常是氣干擾造成的，可通過聲波液面測量和示功圖進行診斷。好是將泵吸入口置于流體進入層段的下方，若置于上方則應使用氣體分離器。若閥座短節布置于流體進入層段底部以下至少10ft，則在環空中可發生有效氣分離，此時套管起分離器外筒的作用。但井的條件常不容許將泵置于流體進入層下方，則考慮用井下氣分離器。常規的氣分離器由流體進入部分（如射孔短節）、外筒（如底部有堵頭的一節油管）和泵底部的封液管組成。
4, downhole gas separator. Invalid pump operation is often disturbance caused by sound level measurement and indicator diagram for diagnosis. It would be better placed on pump suction fluid entering the bottom layer of segment, if placed in the top of the gas separator should be used. If a short section of the valve seat arranged in the fluid into the layer at the bottom of the following paragraph of at least 10ft, the air may occur in the ring of effective gas separation, time separation of casing from the outside and barrel role. However, the condition often does not allow wells to pump fluid into the layer below the place, then consider the use of downhole gas separator. Conventional gas separation is controlled by fluid entering a part (such as perforation short section), outer tube (eg, plug in the bottom of a pipeline), and pump at the bottom of the sealing liquid tube.
5、控制泵排量，可通過調節4種參數進行控制：柱塞尺寸、沖程長度、泵沖數、每日運轉時間。因起出設備費用大，通常不更換尺寸不合適的泵。簡單的做法是改變地面設備的配置，如移動游梁拉桿來改變地面和泵的沖程長度；其次是換掉馬達皮帶輪來控制泵的沖數。泵容積與井產能的匹配問題可通過改變日運轉時間來實現，以下幾種裝置能用來控制運轉時間：空抽控制器、間隔定時器和百分率定時器。空抽控制器若檢測到泵不完全充滿就停泵。定時器控制泵的運轉時間，較便宜且操作簡單。停泵的持續時間應短到井底生產壓力上升不超過10％的油層壓力。
5, control pump displacement can be carried out by adjusting the parameters of four kinds of control: plunger size, stroke length, the number of red pumps, daily operating hours. Due to the cost of equipment from a large, usually do not replace the inappropriate size of the pump. The easiest way is to change the configuration of ground-based equipment, such as moving beam bar to change the ground and the pump stroke length;, followed by replacing the pump motor pulley to control the number of red. Pump volume and well productivity matching problem can be run by changing the date time to achieve the following types of devices can be used to control the running time: air pump controller, interval timer and percentage timer. Air pump controller, if not completely filled to detect pump stopped pumping. Timer control pump operation time, less expensive and easy to operate. Stop the pump duration should be short and to the bottom-hole producing pressure rise no more than 10% of the reservoir pressure.
作業者可對每口井用45min進行上述聲波、示功計等測定，確定井的產能、井下泵動態、井下氣分離器動態、抽油桿和游梁式抽油機負荷、馬達動態。通過45min的分析，作業者可使井產量達到大，作業成本降低。
Operators can be used for each wells 45min to carry out such sound waves, showing the power meter, etc. to determine the capacity of wells, downhole pumps dynamic, down-hole gas separator dynamics, rod and beam pumping unit load, motor dynamics. Through the 45min analysis, operators can maximize well production, operating cost reduction。
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